#166 fix: harden daemon startup retries

Summary

Improve daemon startup resilience on busy CI hosts by replacing the fixed single-start 5s boot window with configurable startup timeout/attempts and a bounded retry path when metadata is still absent.
Include richer startup failure details (startupTimeoutMs, startupAttempts, lockRecoveryCount, metadataState) to make CI triage actionable.
Touched files: 2. Scope remained within daemon client startup logic and its unit tests.

Supersedes #165. If this PR is merged, #165 can be closed as superseded.

Validation

pnpm typecheck
pnpm test:unit
pnpm test:smoke