#23817 Update workflow to test jersey3 in JDK 17 workflow

a follow up pr to https://github.com/OpenAPITools/openapi-generator/pull/23810

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Summary by cubic

Run Jersey 3 Java client samples on JDK 17 in CI and add a petstore-backed workflow to verify runtime behavior. Removes Jersey 3 tests from the JDK 11 matrix.

• New Features

  • Added samples-java-petsore-client-jdk17.yaml to build samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3 against a local swaggerapi/petstore container on JDK 17.

• Refactors

  • Moved samples/client/petstore/java/jersey3-oneOf from the JDK 11 workflow to the JDK 17 workflow (updated triggers and build matrix).